And what is its relevance to Zimbabwe? Stop crossposting, idiot.
In article <1192595262.377630.211980@[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>,
ayaz_siddiqi@[EMAIL PROTECTED]
says...
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>
>
>hi,
>
>the following is an abstract taken from pubmed. i would like it
>clarified wether hdkk1 deletion/suppresion inhibits head development
>in xenopus. also, wether hdkk1 plays a similar role in human head
>induction.
>
>thanks.
>
>--------------------------------------
>
>Functional and structural diversity of the human Dickkopf gene family.
>
>Krupnik VE, Sharp JD, Jiang C, Robison K, Chickering TW, Amaravadi L,
>Brown DE, Guyot D, Mays G, Leiby K, Chang B, Duong T, Goodearl AD,
>Gearing DP, Sokol SY, McCarthy SA.
>
>Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical
>School and Division of Molecular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess
>Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
>
>Wnt proteins influence many aspects of embryonic development, and
>their activity is regulated by several secreted antagonists, including
>the Xenopus Dickkopf-1 (xDkk-1) protein. xDkk-1 inhibits Wnt
>activities in Xenopus embryos and may play a role in induction of head
>structures. Here, we characterize a family of human Dkk-related genes
>composed of Dkk-1, Dkk-2, Dkk-3, and Dkk-4, together with a unique
>Dkk-3 related protein termed Soggy (Sgy). hDkks 1-4 contain two
>distinct cysteine-rich domains in which the positions of 10 cysteine
>residues are highly conserved between family members. Sgy is a novel
>secreted protein related to Dkk-3 but which lacks the cysteine-rich
>domains. Members of the Dkk-related family display unique patterns of
>mRNA expression in human and mouse tissues, and are secreted when
>expressed in 293T cells. Furthermore, secreted hDkk-2 and hDkk-4
>undergo proteolytic processing which results in cleavage of the second
>cysteine-rich domain from the full-length protein. Members of the
>human Dkk-related family differ not only in their structures and
>expression patterns, but also in their abilities to inhibit Wnt
>signaling. hDkk-1 and hDkk-4, but not hDkk-2, hDkk-3 or Sgy, suppress
>Wnt-induced secondary axis induction in Xenopus embryos. hDkk-1 and
>hDkk-4 do not block axis induction triggered either by Xenopus
>Dishevelled (Xdsh) or Xenopus Frizzled-8 (Xfz8), both of which
>function to transduce signals from Wnt ligands. Thus, hDkks 1 and 4
>may inhibit Wnt activity by a mechanism upstream of Frizzled. Our
>findings highlight the structural and functional heterogeneity of
>human Dkk-related proteins.
>
>PMID: 10570958 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
>
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